Which of the following strategies can be classified under emotion-focused coping?

Emotion-focused coping strategies aim to manage the emotional distress associated with stressors rather than addressing the stressor itself. Engaging in deep breathing exercises is a prime example of this approach. Deep breathing helps regulate emotions by promoting relaxation and reducing anxiety, allowing individuals to feel more centered emotionally. This technique is particularly effective in moments of acute stress or overwhelming emotions, providing immediate relief and fostering a sense of calm.

In contrast, the other strategies listed focus more on problem-solving and managing external factors. Creating a budget, setting specific goals for reducing workload, and participating in team-based problem-solving are all approaches that deal directly with the causes of stress or aim to mitigate the impact of stressors. These strategies are better classified under problem-focused coping, which involves taking action to address the stressors in question.