Which of the following is a result of chronic stress?

Chronic stress is known to produce various negative health outcomes, and cardiovascular disease is one of the most significant consequences associated with prolonged stress exposure. The mechanisms behind this relationship involve the release of stress hormones, such as cortisol and adrenaline, which can lead to increased blood pressure, elevated heart rate, and other physiological changes that strain the heart and blood vessels over time.

When an individual experiences chronic stress, their body remains in a heightened state of alertness, which can contribute to the development of conditions like hypertension (high blood pressure), atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), and ultimately, cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks or strokes. This connection between chronic stress and cardiovascular health is well-documented in medical literature, highlighting the importance of managing stress to maintain overall physical health.

Contrarily, options such as improved mental clarity, increased happiness, and better emotional stability are typically not outcomes associated with chronic stress; instead, these outcomes can be more likely linked to lower stress levels and effective stress management strategies.