What role does cortisol play in the body during stress?

Cortisol plays a crucial role in the body's response to stress by helping to regulate metabolism and immune responses. When a person experiences stress, the body triggers a fight-or-flight response, leading to the release of cortisol from the adrenal glands. This hormone helps mobilize energy by increasing glucose availability, which is essential for quick physical responses. Additionally, cortisol influences how the body utilizes fats, proteins, and carbohydrates, providing energy necessary for managing stress.

Furthermore, cortisol has a complex relationship with the immune system. During acute stress, cortisol can initially enhance the immune response, but its prolonged presence during chronic stress can suppress certain immune functions. This dual role is vital for managing inflammation and ensuring that the body does not overreact to stressors. Therefore, cortisol is essential for maintaining homeostasis during stress and enabling the body to respond effectively to challenges.